AT&T Inc. is the largest provider of fixed telephony In telecommunication, telephony encompasses the general use of equipment to provide voice communication over distances, specifically by connecting telephones to each other in the United States, and also provides broadband Broadband Internet access, often shortened to just broadband, is a high data rate Internet access—typically contrasted with dial-up access using a 56k modem and subscription television services. AT&T is the second largest provider of mobile telephony Mobile telephony is the provision of telephone services to phones which may move around freely rather than stay fixed in one location. Mobile phones connect to a terrestrial cellular network of base stations , whereas satellite phones connect to orbiting satellites. Both networks are interconnected to the public switched telephone network (PSTN) service in the United States, with over 85.1 million wireless customers, and more than 210 million total customers.[2]
Southwestern Bell Corporation was founded in 1983 as a Regional Bell Operating Company The Regional Bell Operating Companies are the result of the U.S. Department of Justice antitrust suit against the former American Telephone & Telegraph Company (later known as AT&T Corp.) On January 8, 1982, AT&T Corp. settled the suit and agreed to divest ("spin off") its local exchange service operating companies. Effective following the break-up of the original AT&T The Bell System divestiture, or the Breakup of AT&T, was initiated by the filing in 1974 by the U.S. Department of Justice of an antitrust lawsuit against AT&T. The case, United States v. AT&T, led to a settlement finalized on January 8, 1982, under which "Ma Bell" agreed to divest its local exchange service operating as a result of the United States v. AT&T antitrust Competition law, known in the United States as antitrust law, are laws that promote or maintain market competition by regulating anti-competitive conduct suit. The company changed its name in 1995 1995 was a common year that started on a Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The year 1995 was the 1995th year in the Anno Domini/Common Era and the 6th year of the 1990s to SBC Communications Inc. and again in 2005 to AT&T Inc. after it purchased its former parent company, AT&T Corporation AT&T Corporation, originally the American Telephone & Telegraph Company, is an American telecommunications company that provides voice, video, data, and Internet telecommunications and professional services to businesses, consumers, and government agencies. During its long history, AT&T was at times the world's largest telephone. The newly merged company took on the iconic AT&T logo and T stock-trading symbol (for "telephone").
The current AT&T reconstitutes much of the former Bell System The Bell System divestiture, or the Breakup of AT&T, was initiated by the filing in 1974 by the U.S. Department of Justice of an antitrust lawsuit against AT&T. The case, United States v. AT&T, led to a settlement finalized on January 8, 1982, under which "Ma Bell" agreed to divest its local exchange service operating and includes ten of the original 22 Bell Operating Companies along with one it partially owned (Southern New England Telephone), and the original long distance division AT&T Communications, Inc. is an interexchange carrier/long distance telephone company owned by AT&T.[3] The company is headquartered in downtown Downtown Dallas is the main business district in Dallas, Texas USA, located in the geographic center of the city. The area officially termed "downtown" is bounded by the downtown freeway loop: bounded on the east by I-345 (although known and signed as the northern terminus of I-45 and the southern terminus of US 75 , on the west by I-35E, Dallas Dallas is the third-largest city in Texas and the ninth-largest in the United States. As of June 22, 2010 the population of Dallas was at 1.3 million according to the US Census Bureau. The city is the largest economic center of the 12-county Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington metropolitan area that according to the March 2010 U.S. Census Bureau, Texas Houston is the largest city in Texas and the fourth-largest in the United States, while San Antonio is the second largest in the state and seventh largest in the United States. Dallas–Fort Worth and Greater Houston are the fourth and sixth largest United States metropolitan areas, respectively. Other major cities include El Paso and Austin—the.[4]
As of 2010[update], AT&T is the 7th largest company in the United States ^ b. English is the de facto language of American government and the sole language spoken at home by 80% of Americans age five and older. Spanish is the second most commonly spoken language by total revenue, as well as the 3rd largest non-oil company in the US (Behind Walmart Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. (NYSE: WMT) is an American public corporation that runs a chain of large discount department stores. In 2010 it was the world's largest public corporation by revenue, according to the Forbes Global 2000 for that year. The company was founded by Sam Walton in 1962, incorporated on October 31, 1969, and publicly traded on the and Bank of America Bank of America Corporation is a financial services company, the largest bank holding company in the United States, by assets, and the second largest bank by market capitalization. Bank of America serves clients in more than 150 countries and has a relationship with 99% of the U.S. Fortune 500 companies and 83% of the Fortune Global 500. The). It is the 3rd largest company in Texas by total revenue (Behind ExxonMobil The Exxon Mobil Corporation, or ExxonMobil, is an American multinational oil and gas corporation. It is a direct descendant of John D. Rockefeller's Standard Oil company, and was formed on November 30, 1999, by the merger of Exxon and Mobil. Its headquarters are located in Irving, Texas and ConocoPhillips ConocoPhillips Company is an international energy corporation with its headquarters located in the Energy Corridor district of Houston, Texas in the United States. It is also one of the Fortune 500 companies. ConocoPhillips is the fifth largest private sector energy corporation in the world and is one of the six "supermajor" vertically) and the largest non-oil company in Texas. It is also the largest company headquartered in Dallas.[5] In 2010, Forbes Forbes, Inc. is a privately held publishing and media company. Its flagship publication is Forbes, a bi-weekly magazine, with a circulation over 900,000. In August 2006, the private equity firm, Elevation Partners, became a minority shareholder in a newly formed company, Forbes Media, which encompasses Forbes magazine and Forbes.com, one of the listed AT&T as the 13th largest company in the world and the 8th largest non-oil company in the world, the largest company in the world not associated with Banking Banking is generally a highly regulated industry, and government restrictions on financial activities by banks have varied over time and location. The current set of global bank capital standards are called Basel II. In some countries such as Germany, banks have historically owned major stakes in industrial corporations while in other countries or Oil An oil is any substance that is liquid at ambient temperatures and is hydrophobic but soluble in organic solvents. Oils have a high carbon and hydrogen content and are nonpolar substances. The general definition above includes compound classes with, and uses, including vegetable oils, petrochemical oils, and volatile essential oils. All oils can, as well as the world's largest provider of telecommunication Telecommunication is the transmission of messages, over significant distances, for the purpose of communication. In earlier times, telecommunications involved the use of visual signals, such as smoke, semaphore telegraphs, signal flags, and optical heliographs, or audio messages via coded drumbeats, lung-blown horns, or sent by loud whistles, for.[6]
Contents
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History
AT&T Corporation acquisition
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On January 31, 2005, SBC announced that it would purchase AT&T Corp. for more than USD The United States dollar is the official currency of the United States. The U.S. dollar is normally abbreviated as the dollar sign, $, or as USD or US$ to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies and from others that use the $ symbol. It is divided into 100 cents $16 billion. The announcement came almost eight years after SBC and AT&T (also known as American Telephone & Telegraph Corp.) called off their first merger talks and nearly a year after initial merger talks between AT&T Corp. and BellSouth BellSouth Corporation is an American telecommunications holding company based in Atlanta, Georgia. BellSouth was one of the seven original Regional Bell Operating Companies after the U.S. Department of Justice forced the American Telephone & Telegraph Company to divest itself of its regional telephone companies on January 1, 1984 fell apart. AT&T stockholders, meeting in Denver, approved the merger on June 30, 2005. The U.S. Department of Justice The United States Department of Justice , is the United States federal executive department responsible for the enforcement of the law and administration of justice, equivalent to the justice or interior ministries of other countries cleared the merger on October 27, 2005, and the Federal Communications Commission The Federal Communications Commission is an independent agency of the United States government, created, directed and empowered by Congressional statute (see 47 U.S.C. § 151 and 47 U.S.C. § 154), and with the majority of its commissioners appointed by the current President. The FCC works towards six goals in the areas of broadband, competition, approved it on October 31, 2005.
The merger was finalized on November 18, 2005.[7] Upon the completion of the merger, SBC Communications adopted the AT&T branding, and changed its corporate name to AT&T Inc. to differentiate the company from the former AT&T Corporation. On December 1, 2005, the merged company's New York Stock Exchange The New York Stock Exchange is a stock exchange located at 11 Wall Street in lower Manhattan, New York City, USA. It is the world's largest stock exchange by market capitalization of its listed companies at US$12.25 trillion as of May 2010. Average daily trading value was approximately US$153 billion in 2008 ticker symbol A stock symbol or ticker symbol is a short abbreviation used to uniquely identify publicly traded shares of a particular stock on a particular stock market. A stock symbol may consist of letters, numbers or a combination of both. "Ticker symbol" refers to the symbols that were printed on the ticker tape of a ticker tape machine was changed from "SBC" to the traditional "T" used by AT&T.
The new AT&T updated the former AT&T's graphic logo A logo is a graphic mark or emblem commonly used by commercial enterprises, organizations and even individuals to aid and promote instant public recognition. Logos are either purely graphic or are composed of the name of the organization (a logotype or wordmark). An example of an abstract mark is the blue octagon representing Chase Bank, while an; however the existing AT&T sound trademark A sound trademark is a non-conventional trademark where sound is used to perform the trademark function of uniquely identifying the commercial origin of products or services (voiced by Pat Fleet) continues to be used.
BellSouth acquisition
On Friday December 29, 2006, the Federal Communications Commission The Federal Communications Commission is an independent agency of the United States government, created, directed and empowered by Congressional statute (see 47 U.S.C. § 151 and 47 U.S.C. § 154), and with the majority of its commissioners appointed by the current President. The FCC works towards six goals in the areas of broadband, competition, (FCC) approved the new AT&T's acquisition of a regional Bell Operating Company The Regional Bell Operating Companies are the result of the U.S. Department of Justice antitrust suit against the former American Telephone & Telegraph Company (later known as AT&T Corp.) On January 8, 1982, AT&T Corp. settled the suit and agreed to divest ("spin off") its local exchange service operating companies. Effective, BellSouth BellSouth Corporation is an American telecommunications holding company based in Atlanta, Georgia. BellSouth was one of the seven original Regional Bell Operating Companies after the U.S. Department of Justice forced the American Telephone & Telegraph Company to divest itself of its regional telephone companies on January 1, 1984, valued at approximately $86 billion (or 1.325 shares of AT&T for each share of BellSouth at the close of trading December 29, 2006).[8] The new combined company retained the name AT&T.[9] The deal consolidated ownership of both Cingular Wireless AT&T Mobility LLC is the wholly-owned wireless subsidiary of AT&T Inc.. It is headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, AT&T Mobility currently serves over 87.0 million subscribers. This makes it the second largest wireless telecommunications provider in the United States, based on number of subscribers, behind Verizon Wireless. AT&T had and Yellowpages.com Yellowpages.com is an Internet web site operated by YELLOWPAGES.COM LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of AT&T.. The company has been recognized as one of the top sources of online advertisements.[citation needed], once joint ventures between BellSouth and AT&T. All services, including wireless, became offered under the AT&T name.[10]
2007–2008 restructuring
Transition to new media
The AT&T Switching Center in downtown Los Angeles, CA Los Angeles is the largest city in the state of California and the second largest in the United States. Often abbreviated as L.A. and nicknamed The City of Angels, Los Angeles has an estimated population of 3.8 million and spans over 498.3 square miles (1,290.6 km2) in Southern California. Additionally, the Los Angeles Metropolitan Area is home to.In June 2007, AT&T's new chairman and CEO, Randall Stephenson, discussed how wireless services are the core of "The New AT&T".[11] With declining sales of traditional home phone lines, AT&T plans to roll out various new media such as Video Share AT&T Mobility LLC is the wholly-owned wireless subsidiary of AT&T Inc.. It is headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, AT&T Mobility currently serves over 87.0 million subscribers. This makes it the second largest wireless telecommunications provider in the United States, based on number of subscribers, behind Verizon Wireless. AT&T had, U-verse AT&T U-verse is a VDSL service offered by AT&T in various parts of the United States. It provides broadband internet access, TV, and phone through a fiber-to-the-node communications network, and to extend its reach in high speed Internet Broadband Internet access, often shortened to just broadband, is a high data rate Internet access—typically contrasted with dial-up access using a 56k modem into rural areas across the country. AT&T announced on June 29, 2007, however, that it was acquiring Dobson Communications. It was then reported on October 2, 2007 that AT&T would purchase Interwise[clarification needed] for $121 million, which it completed on November 2, 2007. On October 9, 2007, AT&T purchased 12 MHz of spectrum in the prime 700 MHz spectrum band from privately-held Aloha Partners for nearly $2.5 billion; the deal was approved by the FCC on February 4, 2008. On December 4, 2007 AT&T announced plans to acquire Edge Wireless, a regional GSM GSM is the most popular standard for mobile telephony systems in the world. The GSM Association, its promoting industry trade organization of mobile phone carriers and manufacturers, estimates that 80% of the global mobile market uses the standard. GSM is used by over 3 billion people across more than 212 countries and territories. Its ubiquity carrier in the Pacific Northwest.[12] The Edge Wireless acquisition was completed in April 2008.[13]
Payphone removal
Empty AT&T payphone booths in Kansas City, KS.On December 3, 2007, AT&T announced it would remove all of its 65,000 remaining payphones A payphone or pay phone is a public telephone, with payment by inserting money or a credit card (a special telephone card or a multi-purpose card) or debit card before a call is made by the end of 2008.[14] BellSouth BellSouth Corporation is an American telecommunications holding company based in Atlanta, Georgia. BellSouth was one of the seven original Regional Bell Operating Companies after the U.S. Department of Justice forced the American Telephone & Telegraph Company to divest itself of its regional telephone companies on January 1, 1984 already had removed its payphones A payphone or pay phone is a public telephone, with payment by inserting money or a credit card (a special telephone card or a multi-purpose card) or debit card before a call is made years before being acquired by AT&T, and Qwest Qwest Communications International, Inc. (NYSE: Q) (company slogan:Get Qwest. Get Nimble.™) is a large telecommunications carrier. Qwest provides local service in 14 western U.S. states: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Iowa, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming sold its pay telephone services in 2004. Verizon Communications Verizon Communications Inc. is an American broadband and telecommunications company and a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average. It was formed in 1983 as Bell Atlantic as part of the 1984 AT&T breakup into seven Baby Bells. Prior to its transformation into Verizon, Bell Atlantic had merged with another Regional Bell Operating Company, will be the only Baby Bell The Regional Bell Operating Companies are the result of the U.S. Department of Justice antitrust suit against the former American Telephone & Telegraph Company (later known as AT&T Corp.) On January 8, 1982, AT&T Corp. settled the suit and agreed to divest ("spin off") its local exchange service operating companies. Effective that will continue to operate pay telephones following the removal of AT&T pay telephones,[15] and currently has no interest in leaving the business.[16]
Corporate headquarters move
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On June 27, 2008, AT&T announced that it will move its corporate headquarters from 175 East Houston Street in San Antonio San Antonio is the second-largest city in the state of Texas and the seventh-largest city in the United States with a population of 1.3 million. The city is the seat of Bexar County. Located in the American Southwest and the northern part of South Texas, San Antonio is the center of Tejano culture and Texas tourism.[citation needed] The city is to One AT&T Plaza in Downtown Downtown Dallas is the main business district in Dallas, Texas USA, located in the geographic center of the city. The area officially termed "downtown" is bounded by the downtown freeway loop: bounded on the east by I-345 (although known and signed as the northern terminus of I-45 and the southern terminus of US 75 , on the west by I-35E, Dallas Dallas , with a population of 1.2 million is the third-largest city in Texas and the eighth-largest in the United States. The city is the primary economic center of the 12-county Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington metropolitan area that according to the March 2010 U.S. Census Bureau release, had a population of 6.4 million as of July 2009. The.[4][17] The company said that it moved to gain better access to its customers and operations throughout the world, and to the key technology partners, suppliers, innovation and human resources needed as it continues to grow, domestically and internationally[18]
It is expected to involve about 700 of the company's nearly 6,000 San Antonio-based employees.[19]
AT&T Inc. previously relocated its corporate headquarters to San Antonio from St. Louis St. Louis (pronounced /seɪnt ˈluːɪs/ or /sænt ˈluː.iː/; French: Saint-Louis or St-Louis, [sɛ̃ lwi] ) is an independent city in the U.S. state of Missouri. The city itself has an estimated population of 354,361 and is the principal municipality of Greater St. Louis, population 2,879,934, the largest urban area in Missouri and 16th-largest in 1992, when it was then named Southwestern Bell Corporation. The company's Telecom Operations group, which serves residential and regional business customers in 22 U.S. states, will remain in San Antonio.[citation needed]
Atlanta will continue to be the headquarters for AT&T Mobility, with significant offices in Redmond, Washington, the former home of AT&T Wireless. Bedminster, New Jersey will continue to be the headquarters for the company's Global Business Services group and AT&T Labs. St. Louis will continue as home to the company's Directory operations, AT&T Advertising & Publishing.[20]
Job cuts
On December 4, 2008, AT&T announced they would be cutting 12,000 jobs due to "economic pressures, a changing business mix and a more streamlined organizational structure".[21]
Post-consolidation wireless acquisitions
Cellular One acquisition
On June 29, 2007 AT&T announced that they had reached an agreement to purchase Dobson Cellular, which provided services in the US under the name Cellular One in primarily rural areas. The closing price was $2.8B USD, or $13 per share. AT&T also agreed to assume the outstanding debt of $2.3B USD. The sale completed on November 15, 2007, with market transition beginning December 9, 2007.[22]
Centennial acquisition
On November 11, 2008, AT&T announced a $944 million buyout of Centennial Communications Corp. The acquisition is subject to regulatory approval, the approval of Centennial’s stockholders and other customary closing conditions. Welsh, Carson, Anderson & Stowe, Centennial’s largest stockholder, has agreed to vote in support of this transaction. In an attempt to quell regulators, on May 9, 2009 AT&T entered an agreement with Verizon Wireless to sell off certain existing Centennial service areas in the states of Louisiana and Mississippi for $240 million pending the successful merger of AT&T and Centennial.[23]
Wayport acquisition
On 12 December 2008, AT&T acquired Wayport, Inc., a major provider of Internet hotspots in the United States. With the acquisition, AT&T's public Wi-Fi deployment climbed to 20,000 hotspots in the United States, the most of any U.S. provider.[24]
Bell Operating Companies
AT&T payphone signage.Of the twenty-two Bell Operating Companies which AT&T owned prior to the 1984 agreement to divest, eleven (BellSouth Telecommunications combines two former BOCs) have become a part of the new AT&T Inc. with the completion of their acquisition of BellSouth Corporation on December 29, 2006:[25]
- BellSouth Telecommunications (formerly known as Southern Bell and South Central Bell)
- Illinois Bell
- Indiana Bell
- Michigan Bell
- Nevada Bell (formerly known as Bell Telephone Company of Nevada)
- Ohio Bell
- Pacific Bell (formerly Pacific Telephone & Telegraph)
- Southwestern Bell
- Wisconsin Bell (formerly Wisconsin Telephone)
- Southern New England Telephone — Now wholly owned; the original AT&T held 16.8% interest prior to 1984.
Former operating companies
The following companies have gone to defunct status under SBC/AT&T ownership:
- Southwestern Bell Texas - a separate operating company created by SBC and merged back into SWBT on December 30, 2001.
- Woodbury Telephone - merged into Southern New England Telephone on June 1, 2007.
Corporate structure
AT&T office in San Antonio, Texas with new logo and orange highlight from the former CingularAT&T Inc. has retained the holding companies it has acquired over the years resulting in the following corporate structure:
- AT&T Inc., publicly-traded holding company
- Southwestern Bell Telephone Company d/b/a AT&T Arkansas/Kansas/Missouri/Oklahoma/Southwest/Texas
- Pacific Telesis Group, Inc. d/b/a AT&T West, acquired in 1997
- Pacific Bell Telephone Company d/b/a AT&T California
- Nevada Bell Telephone Company d/b/a AT&T Nevada
- Pacific Bell Telephone Company d/b/a AT&T California
- Southern New England Telecommunications Corporation d/b/a AT&T East, acquired in 1998
- Southern New England Telephone Company (includes former Woodbury Telephone)
- AT&T Teleholdings, Inc. d/b/a AT&T Midwest, formerly Ameritech, acquired in 1999
- Illinois Bell Telephone Company d/b/a AT&T Illinois
- Indiana Bell Telephone Company, Inc. d/b/a AT&T Indiana
- Michigan Bell Telephone Company d/b/a AT&T Michigan
- The Ohio Bell Telephone Company d/b/a AT&T Ohio
- Wisconsin Bell, Inc. d/b/a AT&T Wisconsin
- AT&T Corporation, acquired 2005
- AT&T Communications, Inc.
- BellSouth Corporation d/b/a AT&T South, acquired 2006
- BellSouth Telecommunications, Inc. d/b/a AT&T Alabama/Florida/Georgia/Kentucky/Louisiana/Mississippi/North Carolina/South Carolina/Southeast/Tennessee
- AT&T Alascom
Additionally, AT&T continues to host customer email addresses that were originally born from these companies. AT&T uses Yahoo! Mail hosting for its customers including those with these domain names: [1]
- @ameritech.net
- @att.net
- @bellsouth.net
- @flash.net
- @nvbell.net
- @pacbell.net
- @prodigy.net
- @sbcglobal.net
- @snet.net
- @swbell.net
- @wans.net
- @attglobal.net
Corporate governance
Stephenson at the 2008 World Economic ForumAT&T's current board of directors:
- Randall L. Stephenson — Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
- James A. Henderson
- Gilbert F. Amelio
- William F. Aldinger III
- August A. Busch III
- Martin K. Eby, Jr.
- Charles F. Knight
- Jon C. Madonna
- Lynn M. Martin
- Ronald M. Crump
- John B. McCoy
- Mary S. Metz
- Toni Rembe
- S. Donley Ritchey
Criticism and controversies
Contributions to political campaigns
According to the Center for Responsive Politics, AT&T is the United States' second largest donor to political campaigns, having contributed more than US$ 36 million since 1990, 56% and 44% of which went to Republican and Democratic recipients, respectively. A key political issue for AT&T is the question of which businesses win the right to profit by providing broadband internet access in the United States.[26]
In 2005, AT&T was among 53 entities that contributed the maximum of $250,000 to the second inauguration of President George W. Bush.[27][28][29]
Censorship controversy
In August 2007, the band Pearl Jam performed in Chicago at Lollapalooza which was being web-broadcast by AT&T. The band, while playing the song "Daughter", started playing a version of Pink Floyd's "Another Brick in the Wall" but with altered lyrics critical of president George Bush. These lyrics included "George Bush, leave this world alone!" and, "George Bush, find yourself another home!". Listeners to AT&T's web broadcast heard only the first line because the rest was censored[30] although, AT&T spokesman Michael Coe said that the silencing was "a mistake."[31]
In September 2007, AT&T changed[32] their legal policy to state that "AT&T may immediately terminate or suspend all or a portion of your Service, any Member ID, electronic mail address, IP address, Universal Resource Locator or domain name used by you, without notice for conduct that AT&T believes"..."(c) tends to damage the name or reputation of AT&T, or its parents, affiliates and subsidiaries."[33] By October 10, 2007 AT&T had altered the terms and conditions for its Internet service to explicitly support freedom of expression by its subscribers, after an outcry claiming the company had given itself the right to censor its subscribers' transmissions.[34]
Section 5.1 of AT&T's new terms of service now reads "AT&T respects freedom of expression and believes it is a foundation of our free society to express differing points of view. AT&T will not terminate, disconnect or suspend service because of the views you or we express on public policy matters, political issues or political campaigns."[35][dubious – discuss]
On July 26, 2009, AT&T customers were unable to access certain sections of the image board 4chan, specifically /b/ (the "random" board) and /r9k/ (the "ROBOT 9000" board, a spin-off of the random board).[36] However, by the morning of Monday, July 27, the block had been lifted and access to the affected boards was restored. AT&T's official reason for the block was that a distributed denial of service attack had originated from the img.4chan.org server, and access was blocked to stop the attack.[37] Major news outlets have reported that the issue may be related to DDoSing of 4chan and IP spoofing of 4chan and that the suspicions of 4chan users fell on the person who owned Anontalk.com at that time for doing this.[38] Alm has been reported in the past to have DDoSed 4chan.[39]
Privacy controversy
Further information: NSA call database, Mark Klein, NSA warrantless surveillance controversy, Hepting v. AT&TIn 2006, the Electronic Frontier Foundation lodged a class action lawsuit, Hepting v. AT&T, which alleged that AT&T had allowed agents of the National Security Agency (NSA) to monitor phone and Internet communications of AT&T customers without warrants. If true, this would violate the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 and the First and Fourth Amendments of the U.S. Constitution. AT&T has yet to confirm or deny that monitoring by the NSA is occurring. In April 2006, a retired former AT&T technician, Mark Klein, lodged an affidavit supporting this allegation.[40][41] The Department of Justice has stated they will intervene in this lawsuit by means of State Secrets Privilege.[42]
In May 2006, USA Today reported that all international and domestic calling records had been handed over to the National Security Agency by AT&T, Verizon, SBC, and BellSouth for the purpose of creating a massive calling database.[43] The portions of the new AT&T that had been part of SBC Communications before November 18, 2005 were not mentioned.
On June 21, 2006, the San Francisco Chronicle reported that AT&T had rewritten rules on their privacy policy. The policy, which took effect June 23, 2006, says that "AT&T — not customers — owns customers' confidential info and can use it 'to protect its legitimate business interests, safeguard others, or respond to legal process.' "[44]
On August 22, 2007, National Intelligence Director Mike McConnell confirmed that AT&T was one of the telecommunications companies that assisted with the government's warrantless wire-tapping program on calls between foreign and domestic sources.[45]
On November 8, 2007, Mark Klein, a former AT&T technician, told Keith Olbermann of MSNBC that all Internet traffic passing over AT&T lines was copied into a locked room at the company's San Francisco office — to which only employees with National Security Agency clearance had access.[46]
Intellectual property filtering
In January 2008, the company reported plans to begin filtering all Internet traffic which passes through its network for intellectual property violations.[47] Commentators in the media have speculated that if this plan is implemented, it would lead to a mass exodus of subscribers leaving AT&T,[48] although this is misleading as Internet traffic may go through the company's network anyway.[47] Internet freedom proponents used these developments as justification for government-mandated network neutrality.
Discrimination against local public access channels
AT&T is accused by community media groups of discriminating against local public-access television, also known as PEG ("public, education, government") channels, by "imposing unfair restrictions that will severely restrict the audience".[49]
According to Barbara Popovic, Executive Director of the Chicago public-access service CAN-TV, the new AT&T U-verse system forces all public access television into a special menu system, denying normal functionality such as channel numbers, access to the standard program guide, and DVR recording.[49] The Ratepayer Advocates division of the California Public Utilities Commission reported: "Instead of putting the stations on individual channels, AT&T has bundled community stations into a generic channel that can only be navigated through a complex and lengthy process."[49]
Sue Buske (president of telecommunications consulting firm the Buske Group and a former head of the National Federation of Local Cable Programmers/Alliance for Community Media) argue that this is "an overall attack [...] on public access across the [United States], the place in the dial around cities and communities where people can make their own media in their own communities".[49]
Naming rights and sponsorships
Buildings
AT&T Midtown Center in Atlanta, Georgia- AT&T 220 Building - building in Indianapolis, Indiana
- AT&T Building - building in Detroit, Michigan
- AT&T Building - building in Indianapolis, Indiana
- AT&T Building - building in Kingman, Arizona
- AT&T Building - building in Nashville, Tennessee
- AT&T Building - building in Omaha, Nebraska
- AT&T Building Addition - building in Detroit, Michigan
- AT&T Center - building in Los Angeles, California
- AT&T Center - building in St. Louis, Missouri
- AT&T City Center - building in Birmingham, Alabama
- AT&T Corporate Center - building in Chicago, Illinois
- AT&T Huron Road Building - building in Cleveland, Ohio
- AT&T Midtown Center — AT&T Mobility Headquarters, Atlanta, Georgia
- AT&T Switching Center - building in Los Angeles, California
- AT&T Switching Center - building in Oakland, California
- AT&T Switching Center - building in San Francisco, California
- AT&T Building - building in San Diego, California
- Whitacre Tower (One AT&T Plaza) - Corporate Headquarters, Dallas, Texas
- Sony Tower, (formerly the AT&T Building)
Venues
AT&T Center in San Antonio, Texas- AT&T Bricktown Ballpark — Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (formerly Southwestern Bell Bricktown Ballpark, SBC Bricktown Ballpark)
- AT&T Center — San Antonio, Texas (formerly SBC Center)
- AT&T Field — Chattanooga, Tennessee (formerly BellSouth Park)
- AT&T Park — San Francisco, California (formerly Pacific Bell Park, SBC Park)
- AT&T Plaza - Chicago, Illinois (public space that hosts the Cloud Gate sculpture in Millennium Park)
- AT&T Plaza — Dallas, Texas (plaza in front of the American Airlines Center at Victory Park)
- AT&T Performing Arts Center — Dallas, Texas
- Jones AT&T Stadium — Lubbock, Texas (formerly Clifford B. and Audrey Jones Stadium, Jones SBC Stadium)
- TPC San Antonio - San Antonio, Texas (AT&T Oaks Course & AT&T Canyons Course)
Sponsorships
AT&T sponsors the annual Red River Rivalry football game- AT&T Champions Classic — Valencia, California
- AT&T Classic — Atlanta, Georgia (formerly BellSouth Classic)
- AT&T Cotton Bowl Classic (formerly Mobil Cotton Bowl Classic, Southwestern Bell Cotton Bowl Classic, SBC Cotton Bowl Classic) — played in Arlington, Texas, at Cowboys Stadium.
- AT&T National — Washington, D.C.
- AT&T Pebble Beach National Pro-Am
- AT&T Red River Rivalry — Dallas, Texas (formerly Red River Shootout, SBC Red River Rivalry)
- AT&T WilliamsF1 Team — based in Grove, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
- Major League Soccer and the United States Soccer Federation, including the U.S. men's and U.S. women's national teams and the Major League Soccer All-Star Game from 2009
See also
| Wikimedia Commons has media related to: AT&T |
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- AT&T Connect
- AT&T Mobility
- att.net
- AT&T Wireless
- Bell System
- Bell System Divestiture
- Communications Assistance For Law Enforcement Act
- Hepting v. AT&T
- Lists of public utilities
- Modification of Final Judgment
- NSA warrantless surveillance
- Regional Bell Operating Company
- Telecommunication
- PRX (telephony)
References
- ^ a b c d e f AT&T (2008-01-24). "Investor Briefing (4th Quarter 2007)" (PDF). Press release. http://www.att.com/Investor/Financial/Earning_Info/docs/4Q_07_IB_FINAL.pdf. Retrieved 2008-02-06.
- ^ "AT&T Sees Boost in wireless subscribers". http://www.wmexperts.com/att-experiences-boost-wireless-subscribers.
- ^ Kleinfield, Sonny (1981). The biggest company on earth: a profile of AT&T. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston. ISBN 0-03-045326-7.
- ^ a b Godinez, Victor and David McLemore. "AT&T moving headquarters to Dallas from San Antonio." The Dallas Morning News. Saturday June 28, 2008. Retrieved on June 18, 2009.
- ^ http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune500/2010/states/TX.html
- ^ http://www.forbes.com/lists/2010/18/global-2000-10_The-Global-2000_Rank.html
- ^ AT&T (2005-11-18). "New AT&T Launches". Press release. http://www.att.com/gen/press-room?pid=4800&cdvn=news&newsarticleid=21906. Retrieved 2007-09-29.
- ^ Vorman, Julie (2006-12-29). "AT&T closes $86 billion BellSouth deal". Reuters. http://www.reuters.com/article/ousiv/idUSWBT00636120070102. Retrieved 2007-09-29.
- ^ Bartash, Jeffry; Jonathan Burton (2006-03-05). "AT&T to pay $67 billion for BellSouth". Dow Jones Market Watch. http://www.marketwatch.com/News/Story/Story.aspx?guid={6E4D6E93-004F-4938-9692-B2704970428B}&siteid=mktw&dist=. Retrieved 2007-09-29.
- ^ AT&T (2006-12-29). "AT&T and BellSouth Join to Create a Premier Global Communications Company". Press release. http://www.att.com/gen/press-room?pid=4800&cdvn=news&newsarticleid=22860. Retrieved 2007-09-29.
- ^ "AT&T's new chief dialed in". Chicago Tribune. 24 June 2007. http://www.chicagotribune.com/business/chi-sun_front_0624jun24,0,3337832.story?track=rss. Retrieved 2007-06-27.
- ^ "AT&T Buys Edge Wireless". Phone Scoop. 4 December 2007. http://www.phonescoop.com/news/item.php?n=2569. Retrieved 2008-07-26.
- ^ "AT&T completes buy out of Edge Wireless". American City Business Journals. 18 April 2008. http://www.bizjournals.com/sanantonio/stories/2008/04/14/daily37.html. Retrieved 2008-07-26.
- ^ AT&T - News Room (December 3, 2007). AT&T Announces Intention to Withdraw from Pay Phone Business by End of 2008. Press release. Retrieved on December 16, 2007.
- ^ Smith, Andrew D. (December 4, 2007). AT&T to say goodbye to its 65,000 payphones. Dallas Morning News. Retrieved on December 16, 2007.
- ^ Hancock, Jay (December 6, 2007). Verizon: We're not dumping pay phones. The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved on December 16, 2007.
- ^ "Corporate Inquiries." AT&T. Retrieved on March 25, 2009.
- ^ Source: Dallas News
- ^ Belgrade, Kevin (June 27, 2008). "AT&T Corporate Headquarters to Move to Dallas". http://www.reuters.com/. http://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS196453+27-Jun-2008+PRN20080627. Retrieved 2009-08-21.
- ^ AT&T - News Room (June 27, 2008). AT&T Corporate Headquarters to Move to Dallas. Press release. Retrieved on June 27, 2008.
- ^ AT&T (2008-12-04). "Job cuts mount as year-end nears". Press release. http://money.cnn.com/2008/12/04/news/companies/ATNT/index.htm?postversion=2008120409.
- ^ AT&T Inc. (2007-11-15). "AT&T Completes Acquisition of Dobson Communications to Enhance Wireless Coverage". Press release. http://www.att.com/gen/press-room?pid=4800&cdvn=news&newsarticleid=24739. Retrieved 2009-05-11.
- ^ "AT&T Agrees to Sell Certain Centennial Communications Corp. Assets to Verizon Wireless" (Webpage). www.newsticker.welt.de. 2009-04-09. http://newsticker.welt.de/?module=smarthouse&id=885963=. Retrieved 9 May 2009.
- ^ AT&T Inc. (2008-12-12). "AT&T Advanced Wi-Fi Strategy". Press release. http://www.wayport.com/NewsReleases.aspx?id=2030. Retrieved 2008-12-22.
- ^ "Agreements Between SNET America, Inc. (SAI) DBA AT&T Long Distance East, and AT&T Telephone Companies". AT&T. http://www.att.com/gen/public-affairs?pid=8101. Retrieved 2007-09-29.
- ^ "AT&T Inc". The Center For Responsive Politics. http://www.opensecrets.org/orgs/summary.asp?ID=D000000076&Name=AT%26T+Inc. Retrieved 2007-09-29.
- ^ Drinkard, Jim (2005-01-17). "Donors get good seats, great access this week". USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2005-01-16-inauguration-donors_x.htm. Retrieved 2008-05-25.
- ^ "Financing the inauguration". USA Today. January 16, 2005. http://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2005-01-16-inaugural-donors_x.htm. Retrieved 2008-05-25.
- ^ "Some question inaugural's multi-million price tag". USA Today. 2005-01-14. http://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2005-01-14-price_x.htm. Retrieved 2008-05-25.
- ^ Grossberg, Josh (2007-08-09). "AT&T's Pearl Jamming?". E Online. http://www.eonline.com/news/article/index.jsp?uuid=4de684ae-62eb-4b23-984c-d07ce72ea5e2. Retrieved 2007-09-29.
- ^ Roberts, Michelle (2007-08-10). "AT&T: Pearl Jam edit a mistake". Associated Press. http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/2003829996_pearljam10.html?syndication=rss. Retrieved 2007-09-29.
- ^ AT&T threatens to disconnect subscribers who criticize the company
- ^ "AT&T Legal Policy". AT&T. http://home.bellsouth.net/csbellsouth/s/s.dll?spage=cg/legal/att.htm&leg=tos. Retrieved 2007-09-29.
- ^ AT&T Changes Terms Of Service After Outcry
- ^ AT&T Legal Policy
- ^ Kincaid, Jason (July 26, 2009). "AT&T Reportedly Blocks 4chan. This Is Going To Get Ugly.". TechCrunch. http://www.techcrunch.com/2009/07/26/att-blocks-4chan-this-is-going-to-get-ugly/. Retrieved 2009-07-27.
- ^ Cheng, Jacqui (July 27, 2009). "AT&T: 4chan block due to DDoS attack coming from 4chan IPs". Ars Technica. http://arstechnica.com/telecom/news/2009/07/att-4chan-block-due-to-ddos-attack-coming-from-4chan-ips.ars. Retrieved 2009-07-28.
- ^ Feared Hackers Call Off Attack on AT&T. Tuesday, July 28, 2009. Retrieved 7/28/09
- ^ Transcript of National Public Radio news interview. Retrieved 7/28/09
- ^ Nakashima, Ellen, "A Story of Surveillance", Washington Post, November 7, 2007
- ^ Singel, Ryan (2006-04-07). "Whistle-Blower Outs NSA Spy Room". Wired. http://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2006/04/70619. Retrieved 2007-09-29.
- ^ Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) (2006-04-28). "Government Moves to Intervene in AT&T Surveillance Case". Press release. http://www.eff.org/news/archives/2006_04.php#004613. Retrieved 2007-09-29.
- ^ Cauley, Leslie (2006-05-11). "NSA has massive database of Americans' phone calls". USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2006-05-10-nsa_x.htm. Retrieved 2007-09-29.
- ^ Lazarus, David (2006-06-21). "AT&T Rewrites Rules: Your Data Isn't Yours". San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2006/06/21/BUG9VJHB9C1.DTL&hw=at&sn=002&sc=870. Retrieved 2007-09-29.
- ^ Shrader, Katherine (2007-08-22). "Spy Chief Reveals Classified Surveillance Details". Associated Press. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/20396282/. Retrieved 2007-09-29.
- ^ Olbermann, Keith (2007-11-08). "Whistleblower Saw AT&T Assist Bush Administration". MSNBC. http://video.msn.com/video.aspx?mkt=en-US&brand=msnbc&vid=297abdd5-d0dc-4617-a6c9-c482fa316b59. Retrieved 2007-11-10.
- ^ a b Wu, Tim (2008-01-16). "Has AT&T Lost Its Mind? A baffling proposal to filter the Internet". Slate. http://www.slate.com/id/2182152/.
- ^ AT&T's Proposed Filtering Policy Is Bad News - Netiquette - MSNBC.com
- ^ a b c d (March 9, 2009) "AT&T Accused of Discriminating Against Local Public Access Channels, Deadline for Public Comment Expires Tonight", Democracy Now!, retrieved on March 13, 2009.
External links
- Corporate information
- Official website
- Brand evolution of AT&T companies
- AT&T History and science resources at The Franklin Institute's Case Files online exhibit
- Press Release announcing FCC Approval of SBC-Ameritech merger (6 October 1999)
- Bell System Memorial
- Articles
- Thierer, Adam D.. "Unnatural Monopoly: Critical Moments in the Development of the Bell System Monopoly". cato.org. http://www.cato.org/pubs/journal/cjv14n2-6.html.
- "AT&T buys IBM's Global Network". BBC News. December 8, 1998. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/the_company_file/230831.stm.
- Reardon, Marguerite (November 18, 2005). "SBC closes AT&T acquisition". CNet News. http://news.cnet.com/SBC+closes+AT38T+acquisition/2100-1036_3-5961206.html.
- Reardon, Marguerite (March 5, 2006). "AT&T to buy BellSouth for $67 billion". CNet News. http://news.cnet.com/AT38T+to+buy+BellSouth+for+67+billion/2100-1037_3-6046081.html.
- "AT&T Whistleblower to Urge Senate to Reject Blanket Immunity for Telecoms". Electronic Frontier Foundation. http://www.eff.org/press/archives/2007/11/05.
Categories: Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange | Dow Jones Industrial Average | Telecommunications companies of the United States | AT&T | Internet service providers of the United States | Companies based in Dallas, Texas | Companies established in 1983 | Bell System
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Tue, 20 Jul 2010 21:14:58 GMT+00:00
VON (blog) ... new national brands emerging shortly after launch, or at the very least more regional players to take on the AT&T /Verizon/Sprint/T-Mobile illuminati. ... IT trends impacting IP video: 4G network standards SecurityInfoWatch
By DEALBOOK
Fri, 16 Jul 2010 06:53:53 GM
Averting a standoff over programming fees, . AT&T. said on Thursday it has reached a deal to keep channels AMC, IFC and WE tv on the tube for its 2.3 million U-verse TV subscribers, The Associated Press reported.


